1992 Dr.oec. (PhD – economics), Nostrification of qualification, Latvian University, 19 Raina bulvaris, Riga, LV1050 1986 Candidate of Science in former USSR, Economic history, field specific subjects, languages (English), research work (doctoral thesis), Moscow State University, Moscow, former USSR 1975 – 1980 Economics-mathematics, Economic theory, political economy, history, statistics, theoretical mathematics, econometrics, languages. Latvian University